Evaluation Of Counseling As Assessment And Diagnosis

Whiston in section three of her book provided an in-depth analysis of applications and issues of assessments in counseling as assessment and diagnosis are vital concepts in the counseling process. It therefore becomes imperative for differing counselors to understand formal diagnostic procedures and the fact that â€Å"diagnosis is the prevalence of individuals with significant psychological difficulties† (p. 296). Diagnostic systems are used to provide professionals with a general language governing diagnostic terms to eliminate individuals’ use of personal definitions. The most widely used diagnostic systems within the mental health service are; the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV- TR-TR) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-CM). The use of diagnostic systems is also considered â€Å"helpful in conceptualizing cases† (p. 296). Effective use of a diagnostic system requires a â€Å"thorough appraisal of a clientà ¢â‚¬â„¢s problems, physical condition and symptoms, and environmental influences† (p. 297). A diagnosis is usually derived from client information obtained from either informal or formal assessment tools or simply an amalgamation of both. The DSM-IV-TR diagnostic system is multiaxial and captures the information needed for treatment planning on five axes labeled axis I, axis II, axis III, axis IV and axis V. Axis I looks at clinical disorders and other clinical conditions that may be a focus of attention. Axis II captures personalityShow MoreRelatedEssay about Case Conceptualization and Treatment Planning652 Words   |  3 PagesAssessment Case conceptualization explains the nature of a client’s problem and how they develop such problem ( Hersen, Porzelius, p.3, 2002) In counseling, assessment is viewed as a systematic gathering of information to address a client’s presenting concerns effectively. The assessment practice provides diagnostic formulation and counseling plans, and aids to identify assets that could help the client cope better with concern that they are current. Assessment is present as a guide for treatmentRead MoreMeasuring Counselors For An Organization That Provides Marriage And Family Counseling1337 Words   |  6 Pagessetting up an assessment center to measure the competencies of current or potential counselors for an organization that provides marriage and family counseling for a population that consists primarily of immigrants and people with low-incomes. What types of assessments might you use? What competencies would you be looking for? An agency that provides marriage and family counseling will need all counselors to participate in assessments to help measure their competencies. The assessments will focusRead MorePsychological Assessment And Ethics Of Forensic Psychology1675 Words   |  7 Pages Psychological Assessment and Ethics Debra Deering FO611 Ethics and Professional Issues in Forensic Psychology Professor Cathy Donnell February 8, 2015 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III. Information to be included in this paper will detail why this psychological assessment is used, how it is administered ethically, how it is scored, why it is unique, what precautions need to be taken to assure its ethical use, and any ethical concernsRead MoreThe Role Of Psychological Assessment On Counseling And Clinical Practice1675 Words   |  7 PagesNUMBER TWO Assessment Discuss the role of psychological assessment in counseling or clinical practice. What are the strengths and weaknesses inherent in formal psychological testing? Why might you choose formal psychological testing techniques and for what types of clients? What limitations should be considered: Are there different considerations for objective and subjective assessment techniques? The Role of Psychological Assessment in Counseling or Clinical Practice Psychological assessment assessesRead MoreEssay on Depression Inventory for the Elderly (Die)997 Words   |  4 Pagesnumber of researches in this context, it is often undiagnosed or untreated. To add to this jeopardy, it has also been estimated that only 10% out of the total depressed elderly individuals receive proper diagnosis and treatment (Holroyd et al, 2000). And for that reason, an authentic evaluation of depression in the elderly people comes up with a challenge because as per their psychology, there are greater chances that they may disagree with the verity that they are depressed regardless of havingRead MoreThe Use Of Alzheimers Disease1201 Words   |  5 Pagesthe patient to collect every piece of information that could be used as clues to a diagnosis. This makes dementia evaluations very lengthy and exceedingly inconvenient for the patient as well as the doctor. What makes this even worse is the time spent having to collect lots of information, which leaves significantly less time for healthcare providers to counsel their patients once a diagnosis is made. Counseling and support are equally important for doctors because they help patients understandRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology Essay908 Words   |  4 Pages(1) your theoretical approach to counseling (e.g.: behavioral, humanistic, Adlerian, etc.), I find it hard to choose one theoretical approach as I’ve learned to see the benefits of many. I’m drawn to an aspect that each approach tends to emphasize. Initially, I would say behavioral theory; because of its central focus on learned behavior. I believe we are defined by our actions, and most of our present behaviors or tendencies have been shaped by past experiences. This leads me to believe that areRead MoreJean Watson Case Study1273 Words   |  6 Pagespsychological, physiology, and spiritual challenges. E.J.’s case study will be reviewed from the objective and feasible subjective data, identify relative nursing diagnoses, identify and establish outcomes with interventions, implement plan of care, and evaluation of the outcomes, as can be viewed in Appendix A, Figure 2. Also, presenting a middle range theory of care that can be used in E.J.’s scenario. Consequently, Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring (1979) will be adapted to resolving E.J.’s stressors/Read MoreI Am Working As A Family Health Nurse And Counseling A Married Couple Essay1054 Words   |  5 PagesWhen caring for families who need genetic counseling, it’s essential that the nurse understands and considers the family’s values, background, beliefs and behaviors. This information is valuable when setting mutual goals, developing care plans and choosing interventions (Andrews and Boyle, 2016). In this post I will imagine that I am working as a family health nurse and counseling a married couple who are seeking my advice because they are both carriers for Huntington’s disease. As a nurse it’sRead MoreClient and Counselor Safety for Mental Health Counselors Essays925 Words   |  4 Pageswill work with numerous clients who have multiple issues with multiple diagnosis. It is also favorable to say that mental health counselors wear many hats when working with their clients who can experience different crisis on a day to day basis. When mental health counselors work with various clients during their career, they need to practice confidentiality and privacy when conducting one-on-one, group, or any type of counseling services. Like any medical patient, mental health clinicians need to

The Role Of Gold Of Global Commerce Between 1450 And 1750

1. Describe the role of silver in global commerce between 1450 and 1750. Provide specific examples from the assigned readings. [Week 10] During 1450 and 1750, silver fueled global commerce as it was the â€Å"first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia† and initiated trade connections across the Pacific. As a key commodity, silver enriched economies and was used for purchase of African slaves, spices, and Asian goods. Economic investment in silver provided opportunities for women, increased global trade, expanded economies, and transformed nations. Europe could produce silver, boosting their own economies as well as facilitate trade between Asia and the Americas. Mass amounts of silver deposits were discovered in both Spain and Japan. Spanish America produced 85% of the world’s silver. Bolivia became the world’s largest silver mine, the city grew up around it and became the largest city in the Americas. The native miners suffered horrific conditions, whereas Europeans heavily profited. However, silver ultimately did not help Spain’s economic growth. The importation of silver led to a â€Å"disastrous effect on spices and on the economic structure of Spain.† The economy crumpled under inflation of prices, the unwillingness of aristocrats to support economic enterprise, a rigid economic environment, extensive regulations, and monopolies. Ultimately, Spain’s position as a global power diminished when the value of silver fell. Silver deposits were also discovered inShow MoreRelatedRenaissance and Revolution Did Copernicus1485 Words   |  6 Pagescountries located? Where were most Protestant nations? Is there any apparent connection between religious preference and the existence of absolute monarchy? Can you offer an explanation? INTRODUCTION 1. What change did Philippe Aries describe in his work Centuries in Childhood? 2. Why MIGHT it have occurred? Cite 2 reasons (p. 369) The First Big Changes: Culture and Commerce. 1450-1650 A New Spirit. 3. How did Petrarch’s writing in the early Renaissance differ from most writingRead MoreAp Quiz3155 Words   |  13 Pagesthat best completes the statement or answers the question. ______ 1) How was the global trade network of the 15th century different from that of previous eras? A) Trade prior to the 15th century was limited to the Western Hemisphere. B) In previous eras, most attention was given to the development of larger regional economies and cultural zones, rather than a truly global network. C) There was no trade between civilizations prior to the 15th century. D) Trade in previous eras was almost entirelyRead MoreComparative Study of Commercial Banks of Nepal5381 Words   |  22 Pagescomparative study I too have considered these five banks. Since there is intense competition in the Nepalese banking industry I have tried to do comparative study in terms of deposit, lending, capital fund, profit after tax and market share value between these five banks. 1 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · To compare the capital structure of these five banks. To do the comparison regarding the lending and deposit position of these banks. To identify the profit after tax of these five banks.Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesComprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 PsychologyRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesto teach undergraduate and graduate project management courses overseas and in the United States; he has personally taught more than 100 executive development seminars and workshops. His research and consulting interests have been divided equally between operations management and project management; he has published numerous articles in these areas, plus a text on project management. He has also conducted research with colleagues in the International Project Management Association. Cliff has been

All Summer in a Day for Cruel and Negative Nature- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAll Summer in a Day for Cruel and Negative Nature. Answer: The topic of the story is, All summer in a day. The author of the story is Ray Bradbury. Summary and key points of the story: The story is set on some other planet named Venus. It is known that the sun shines in the Venus planet only for 2 hours but it happens only once in the seven years. The setting of the story is such that the sun is about to rise. With the opening of the story the characters are introduced. Margot and the other children are the characters of the story who have dwelled on the planet for nine years. Margot is from Earth and she came there five years ago. She knew the exact look of the sun as she felt it earlier but the students were not aware of the look of the sun. They had a cruel and negative nature. They locked up Margot so that she could not see the sun. However there was a transition in the character of the children. The ray of the sun erased the negative shades from the children and brought new encouragement, strength in their lives. On the other hand for Margot it was too late and she have to wait for another seven years to see the sun (Lambert 2014). Thesis: The argument that is presented in the story is sun is actually a ray of hope for all. Negative things can be rectified only by the brighter things. The ray of the sun washed away the negative aspects from the children. That blooms for just one hour. This is a transition quote as sun has been described as a blooming flower that can bring brightness in the negative lives of the children. The one hour is crucial for the people who dwell in the planet. In that one hour their entire nature gets changed. "They surged about her, caught her up and bore her, protesting, And then pleading and then crying, into a tunnel, a room, a closet, Where they slammed and locked the door. The phrase is a transition from hopelessness to hopeful nature of the children. The phrase justifies the theme when it utters the words like, pleading and crying. This was the biggest transition that is observed in the story. The children locked up Margot so that she could not see the sun but later the ray of the sun removed the negative shades from their character. They realized their fault and later they pleaded and cried for the same (Gale 2016). Conclusion sentence: Therefore from the above analysis this can be stated that the story depicts the transformation of the children as a human being. They were rude and cruel. Summer was something that was associated with bright and colorful. The sun acted as a changing medium for them. It was like an exploration for them. They realized that there was many things unknown in the world and therefore the theme of transformation was justified. References Gale, C.L., 2016.A Study Guide for Ray Bradbury's" Dandelion Wine". Gale, Cengage Learning. Lambert, S., 2014. Reader Response ENGL 305: Literary Theory and Writing December 1, 2014 Filling the Gap: Dissatisfaction in Ray Bradburys All Summer in a Day.

Spiritual Wellness Essay Example

Spiritual Wellness Essay What is spiritual wellness The key to my spiritual wellness consists of the following five characteristics. Family, which is an important aspect of my life. My family will always support me whether I am right or wrong. They appreciate my hard work to better myself and to better us as a family. Throughout my college journey, my family has made unlimited sacrifices to see me complete college successfully. My husband has paid a majority of our household bills as well as taken over the day to day responsibilities of our children. Without his support, I believe that the goals I have set would truly be harder to achieve. My children have been my motivation. I always want to be there for my children to express my parental love and to teach them the right ways of living. I did not want them to grow without the presence of their parents as was my case. I came from a broken home in which my father was absent until I was an adult. My mother married a man named Ron who raised me as his own since I was a small child. He was a very strict man, as I could not allow me to interact with boys. My stepfather ensured that I was forever busy as he kept me engaged in sports and extracurricular activities. With everything that he and my mother instilled in me, it laid a foundation for my future success. Spiritual health We will write a custom essay sample on Spiritual Wellness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Spiritual Wellness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Spiritual Wellness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Friendship is another motivating factor that gives me enthusiasm and encouragement when I face life challenges. I respect and value my friends because they are my partners in arms in times of happiness and hardships and make my life meaningful. They give me momentum to continue the life journey whenever I feel like giving up. Since I was a young child, friendship has been a great pillar that revolves through my world. My friends have walked with me through thick and thin helping me overcome and cope with life situations. I realized that by interacting with people who have the same belief as mine I was able to succeed in many things. Such friends have my back whenever I need them and always share ideas with me. They have helped me to develop a virtue of loyalty and that is how I have been able to maintain the friendship. I can mirror myself through the help of my friends and so get challenged by the steps and choices that they make. Friendship is the most important key towards realizing my potential and making the right decisions. I learned to respect the different ideas they have and has helped me to view life from a different perspective. I have good judgment since friendship is a choice and not an optional reality. With my friends support, love, and affection I can view and establish the life structure that I would want to be in the future. Defining myself as an individual and joining a group to associate with others is the greatest step I have taken towards success. Leadership is an essential part of my life values that I treasure. Since I have a family, I want to show my children that they can look up to me for anything that they might need. I want to motivate and energize children to grow in a God fearing way. It is my responsibility to love my family and help them identify their potential by guiding and advising them to help them accomplish the best in life. Spiritual wellness examples I want my children to look up to me like my stepfather Ron did. Though he was strict, he laid a good foundation for me helping me to become a strong woman today. Being a parent has its ups and down, but I know taking responsibility of being a mother and a leader is one of the most valuable things I would have for my family and me. Security is a value that aspires to have in my life and that of my children. The values that we all have evolve, and we find ourselves maturing through some known stages of life. For us to feel that we have fulfilled both our souls and body, we need to be financially secure so that we can meet all the basic, secondary and tertiary needs. The security aspect would help me and my family to live comfortably. I have a family to take care of and for that reason security would be the most important aspect to consider. The security that I need covers a vast area including security of finance, security of my children and family is a great value since without it I cannot feel like a responsible parent and all the values I have tried to instill in my life would be lost. Security will enable me to realize my dreams, live in any location that suits and make me happy and give my family the best they would need. Striking a balance in my activities is another crucial aspect that determines my success. If I put effort into being the best parent, partner, friend and leader without striking a balance in each, I would not be able to deliver my full potential. Balancing every aspect of my life have been my dreams, and that include spending some time in my career and equally spending time with my family. Acknowledging priorities have been my greatest gifts and thats why I value family since they are my most treasurable gain, which makes me have the energy to grow intellectually and spiritually. What is a component of spiritual wellness Power is a value that I have for long considered insignificant, but it has been more prominent in my actions and decisions more than I ever imagined. I had considered this value to be irrelevant in my life, but most of the things that I do like in organizations and places of the meeting is making people recognize me and my expertise. I have noticed that I control and make people do things when I am in power and authority. The less value that I ignored seemed to take a whole toll on me since it is imminent that it is inside me; the ability to control and mobilize a crowd. I spent my life running from the value that defined the authority to me to rule and assign tasks. I focused on what mattered to me leaving what can make people realize that I am better when ruling and leaving a legacy. The aspects and art made in the revelation have made an official purpose to my life, and that is to find both career and life success. The main issue though is to find the missing pieces in my life and try to evaluate the stages of life that I must go through to have the spiritual fulfillment. I would try not to live in perfection but in acquiring knowledge and purpose of life. I would find out the value that makes me thrive in doing good and deciding to do good and not to harm others. All the aspects that I value will lead me to a spiritual fulfillment which will secure me from any disillusionment and unhappiness. I learned that the purpose of all the values is to take us through all the stages of life and it is up to us to make the right decisions on how much material recognition we will have and how much spiritual growth will be made. Our choice in occupation, life partners and friends should lead us to best rewards that would enable us to value our goals and purpose in life. The scenes that relate to me most is sharing of knowledge and values to my friends helping me to optimize on both the spiritual and material growth. I think making people aware of the plans that would improve their growth is the most recent scenes that have stricken me as important. Linking myself with individuals who recognize and respects my decisions will advance my progressions in the direction that we decide to choose.

I Stand Here Ironing free essay sample

A Theme is Controlled Though the Setting and the Atmosphere In the short story â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† by Tillie Olsen there is an atmosphere which has an overwhelming feeling of torment and a sense of regret. Taking place during the 1930s and 1940s a single mother has to cope with the Great Depression, WWII, and the feminist movement of the 1950s while raising her first born daughter Emily. A conflict is created by the lack of understanding the single teenage mother has for raising her first child. The theme that arises from this story is that to what extent can a mother be held responsible for her child’s problems, and that society must take some responsibility. â€Å"She is a child of her age, of depression, of war, of fear. † This quotation appears at the end of the second-to-last paragraph, which is preceded by the narrator’s exhortation regarding Emily to â€Å"Let her be. We will write a custom essay sample on I Stand Here Ironing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † The narrator says this because she does not take full responsibility for the outcome of Emily’s life. The Great Depression had left its mark, creating massive poverty and unemployment. Being unemployed and without any financial relief the narrator is left to face the world alone This meant Emily was to face her own world alone for most of her childhood while her mother struggled to keep a job. The war created fear in America, even with a victory of WWII the proceeding Cold War only made it worse. The narrator feels somewhat cheated that the world Emily was raised in was a cruel and harsh one. Though the narrator blames society and the world for the way Emily is she also blames herself. She takes responsibility for some of the things that had gone wrong in Emily’s life, but tells herself that she had no choice but to work late hours and lose her time with Emily. Through all this Emily grew up to be gloomy with a lack of popularity, and low self-esteem. The narrator though chooses to describe Emily as a sensitive, thoughtful, and selfless individual who has survived through a terrible ordeal. Emily is blind to anything positive about herself; instead she chooses to hide in the shadow of her younger sister Susan. Who in Emily’s eyes is everything she is not, this creates a sad and depressing atmosphere for Emily. The narrator sees a spark of hope though in her youngest child Ronnie, she feels that see can write her wrongs in him and fix what she has broken in herself. With Emily grown up she doesn’t see any opportunity to fix what is wrong, though she also releases that she must let Emily be. Even though Emily has had a grim life there is still hope from all that has happened, Emily has gifts, which she can use to bring the better out in herself. In the ending paragraph the author feels resentment and cold for everything that has happened to Emily, but she also sees a glimmer of hope in her future. The atmosphere and setting have contributed a lot to the theme of the story. They have created a deeper sense in the raising of a child on your own. This story doesn’t hide the pain a mother gave her child or the pain the child caused the mother, it lets people see things in a different light, a light in which is dim and gloomy.

Crime in America essays

Crime in America essays Every year half a million college students are targets of bias-driven slurs or physical assaults. Every day at least one hate crime occurs on a college campus. Every minute a college student somewhere sees or hears racist, sexist, homophobic or otherwise biased words or images. No campus advertises its crimes or bias incidents; some even hide records and facts from the public eye to avoid having bad reputations. But crime happens, and its scars remain for months, sometimes years. It is, in the words of one expert, The background noise of students lives (Tolerance 1). The best way to fight campus crime is for the students to come together and fight to make a difference. Crime happens on campus, and it happens more than some people realize. Crimes and incidents happen a lot of times because it is students first-time with freedom, or first-time exposure to diverse communities. The big problem with crimes is that victims do not report what happened to them because of the fear of reprisals, embarrassment, and a belief that nothing will be done. A lot of students feel ashamed and are afraid to tell their parents. However, victims are not the only ones not reporting these crimes, college administrators and campus police departments also fail to report and investigate such crimes. The reason for this is that no college wants a reputation of any kind of criminal activity on their campuses, so denial is widespread (Tolerance 2). This was the case at Lehigh University where a 19 year old freshman Jeanne Ann Clery was brutally raped and murdered in her dorm room on April 5, 1986. What Jeanne and her parents did not know was that there were 38 viol ent crimes that happened on Lehigh campus 3 years before her murder. Jeanne parents joined together with other victims and persuaded Congress to enact the Jeanne Clery Act. The Jeanne Clery Act is the landmark federal law, or ...

Company Profile Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Company Profile - Assignment Example It is in California that its first registered restaurants were started. Out of the many restaurants, it operates under different registrations with about one hundred and sixty-five registered as ‘Cheesecake brands’ while the others put as ‘Grand Lux Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. As at today, the company has expansively stretched, and it has pierced through foreign countries to the Middle East. I define the company’s mission statement as an orientation towards customer satisfaction aimed at gratifying the consumers’ needs through effective service delivery.As provided for in the theory of consumer behavior, customers are more likely to remain loyal to a brand through satisfaction. It is this realization that underpins the company’s mission statement. It seeks to create an enabling environment that ensures that customers are fulfilled by the services offered. The purpose and vision of the company can be defined as an existence to outdo others and emerge the best in the industry in the highly competitive industry. It seeks to achieve this through its determination to provide high-quality food. As given in the theory of comparative advantage, this will enable the company to record high sales since customers would want to be part of a high quality producing company. Vision and purpose list include high quality food, good customer relations, and high-profit generation. Effective leadership is one area that has seen Cheesecake grow to what it is today. According to Pinnington (2011), leadership is defined as the act of winning a team and persuading them to follow one into carrying out a certain task or project so as to meet the objectives. Behavioral theory as leadership perspective conceptualizes that effective leadership is achieved when an effective strategy and actions are used in approaching the leadership task. Cheesecake Factory’s leadership

Criteria for Market Segmentation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criteria for Market Segmentation - Term Paper Example In recent years studies have been made to refine these demographic variables so that they can be more effectively used. Example of the companies who make effective use of demographic segmentation are Lego, Toys ‘R’ Us, and the early learning centre who not only recognize the differences between children of various age group but also design their products for highly specific defined age categories (Richard M. S. Wilson, 2005). Age segmentation is an important tool for segmenting the consumer market. A variety of terms are used to refer to various age groups. Examples are newborns, infants, young children, tweens, teens and young adults also called Generation Y in United States of America (USA), Adults or Generation X and the baby boomers or the Seniors. Various studies have been conducted which age group consume exactly how much and has influence on how much consumption. For example in USA the total population of tween, the children aged 9-12, this age group spend $20 bil lion in an year and further influence the consumption of $ 200 billion. To cater to their needs brands like Limited design clothes that are more fun like teens. In this each age segment has different specific need in everything ranging from basics like food and clothing to entertainment etc (Charles W. Lamb, 2010). Sex is another important market segmentation tool that helps in helps designing the product and services according to the specific need of the consumer. The segmentation on the basis of gender is most useful in clothing, apparels, and accessories etc. The most evident example is completely different range of toiletries and perfumes for males and females. Now a days gender segmentation is even visible in mobile phones with varying skins for each gender. A common basis of segmenting the consumer market is income. Income is an important determinant of consumption pattern. Companies design their product features, define prices and determine positioning strategy based on the i ncome of the target market. Example of this segmentation is HLL different washing powders sunlight, Wheel, Rin and Surf Ultra for different market segments based on income (Saxena, 2008) Profession and education are also important determinants of market segment. Education level defines taste not only in books but various other consumer goods. For example highly technical and multiple featured mobile phones are popular among highly educated people whereas basic phones are more popular in less educated people that fulfill their needs. Young executives and business professional also prefer multi features internet enabled cell phones that can cater to their mobility needs. Family size and marital status also defines consumption patterns. Single male and females spend more on their personal needs such as slimming equipment, cosmetics items etc and prefer fast food (Johan Botha, 2004). Nationality and religion also play an important role. For example Hall food for Muslims and Kocher for J ews is an important segment. Nationality also defines our tastes in food, clothing and preferences for entertainment etc. Geographical Segmentation Geographic based segmentation splits the market on the physical location of the potential consumers. This segmentation is based on the assumption that consumer living in close geographic proximity has some similarities in their needs and preferences f

Alternative Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Alternative Assessment - Assignment Example Research has demonstrated that both the curriculum and performance based assessments played key roles in the development of individual skills among learners with the latter use, known to create awareness among the students and teachers thereby offering an avenue for more lessons. This also creates a system of consistent follow-ups as a track tool for the performance and academic development (Shinn, 1989). Performance assessment is a system in which students demonstrate that they have acquired mastery of specific skills and that they have competencies in a specified field by way of performing certain tasks (Espin, 2012). In view of this, students are gauged based on their achievements on a rather unconstrained response to a significantly rich stimulus resource material. This kind of assessment gained favor from a number of high profile individuals in the united state in the late 1980s with some advocating for a replacement of the traditional multiple choice assessments (Espin, 2012). Despite the extensive campaigns to have the system adopted by institutions of learning, it dealt a blow as efforts to have it installed were marred as it failed to capture an imminent role in so far as achievements of tests in schools is concerned. This was attributed to the fact that it failed to meet the threshold of standard-based accountability. Curriculum- based assessments on the other hand is a system of continuous monitoring of students’ daily progress in an academic setting through direct evaluation of their academic skills. This can be used to measure the student’s progress and achievements in written expression, spelling, reading and arithmetic (Lee & Owens, 2004). While conducting this kind of assessment, the instructor administers certain timed samples and academic materials that are taken from the curriculum based measurement. When such probes are given to students, they are subject

Functionalism and Machine Aesthetic of Modern Architecture

Functionalism and Machine Aesthetic of Modern Architecture Functionalism in Architecture was a movement during the late 19th century and early 20th century was a product of one American architect Louis Henri Sullivan who coined the term form follows function. It was Distinct to have exposed architecture of the existence of ornamentation and therefore aesthetics so that a structure simply expressed its purpose or function. Both in the United States and in Europe, functionalism and machine aesthetics became existent due to the development of the era. During the 1920s and early 1930s in the United States, there was a growing machine-driven culture. The machines influence on art and architecture reflected the machines explosion as a valuable form of aesthetic. Both Functionalism and machine aesthetics held its own influence in modern architecture. The arrival of the machine was to have such revolutionary significance that the following years can legitimately be termed the Machine Age. Among the great number of cultural changes engendered by this new era was the installation of a machine aesthetic in the fields of architecture and design. This was of central importance to the Modern Movement as it provided a means by which its practitioners could engage with what they regarded as the spirit of the age. The machine aesthetic can be distinguished in the work of each major figure of the Modernist pantheon; it therefore conditioned the entire range of Modernist activity. By utilizing these aspects, the ornamentation and unnecessary forms of designs were obliterated and instead replaced by a plainer but functional look. Despite the growing movement of functionalism and machine aesthetics during the early 20th century, there still lie the differences and comparisons between the utilizations, views, and ideas about them from America and Europe. The difference of the two places somehow manifested various approaches towards the topic. The machine was valued for its service. Its aesthetic was promoted by those who saw a beauty in the machine a beauty in appearance and function. The machine aesthetic was assumed by all sorts of objects. The look of the machine was not universally celebrated, yet it was widespread nonetheless Despite this consistency, the reasons why individual Modernists employed the aesthetic varied greatly, and to conclude that they did so only to evoke the current zeitgeist would hardly seem satisfactory. Instead, the aim of this essay is to analyse functionalism and the several uses made of the machine aesthetic in order to determine why it was so central to Modernist theory and practice. Since the particular character of the aesthetic varied according to the nature of the interest in it (e.g. political, economic), the reasons for its use are fundamental to any understanding of Modernism. Firstly, the idea that Modernism embraced the machine aesthetic in order to give concrete form to the spirit of the age, though not the sole motivation behind Modernist movement is valid in itself and deserves to be expounded. The Industrial Revolution precipitated a series of immense changes which can be understood to have genuinely transformed the world. These include industrialisation, the rise of the metropolis, an accompanying decline in ruralise, and rapid technological progress. In being plundered for their natural resources, even Third World countries felt the impact of the new era. For many these changes threatened to create an environment that was both alien and hostile to humanity and nature. In the cultural sphere, the nineteenth-century design reformers John Ruskin and William Morris attacked machine-production for discouragement the craft skills and individuality of the worker. Since the machine took both tradition and individual attempt, it would become impossible for the artist or craftsman to take pride in their work, and the consumer, in turn, would suffer the spiritual disadvantages of no longer living in an environment that had been lovingly crafted. As a neutralizer, Ruskin, Morris and others proposed a return to traditional craft processes and sources of inspiration that were primarily medieval. In other sectors, this reactionary measure was felt to be unrealistically traditionalist. Since the machine was, as Ruskin and Morris had argued, incompetent at matching traditional craft processes and designs, those who recognised that the machine was an beyond doubt reality were aware of the need to evolve a new aesthetic that it was suited to. This would re-establish a high standard of quality in design and ensure that designed goods were adjusted to the age, rather than being hopelessly revivalist. One such figure was Adolph Loos, whose essay Ornament and Crime (1908) argued that applying decoration to a designed product was both inefficient and criminal, because eventually it resulted in the utilization of the craftsman: If I pay as much for a smooth box as for a decorated one, the difference in labour belongs to the worker. Instead, the new aesthetic was to be derived from the new processes of mass production. The result was a simple, essentialist style that was based on geometry (especially the straight line and the right angle3). Geometry became a model, not only because geometrical forms were theoretically easier for the machine to execute, but also because of overtones that Plato, amongst others, had invested it with. In Platos philosophy, geometrical forms were beautiful because they were elements of the eternal and absolute world of ideas that existed beyond material reality. The most concerted attempt to articulate this style was given in an exhibition on Modern Architecture at the Museume of Modern Art in 1932. The International Style: Architecture Since 1922 accompanied the exhibition. Historian Henry-Russell Hitchcock and critic Philip Johnson outlined the principles of the International style: The idea of style as the frame of potential growth, rather than as a fixed and crushing mould, has developed with the recognition of underlying principles such as architects discern in the great styles of the past. The principles are few and broad. . . . There is, first, a new conception of architecture as volume rather than mass. Secondly, regularity rather than axial symmetry serves as the chief means of ordering design. These two principles, with a third proscribing arbitrary applied decoration, mark the productions of the international style.4 Advances in construction techniques and materials allowed for a shift in structural support. Whereas walls were once weight-bearing, and thus massive, support was now given by skeletal infrastuctures. This change provided greater flexibility in window placement; once nothing more than holes cut in a wall, they could now be located virtually anywhere. Thus, proponents of the International style, the architectural equivalent of machine purity, moved windows away from walls centres, lest they suggest traditional construction. Armed with these new possibilities, asymmetrical designs were encouraged, as function in most types of contemporary building is more directly expressed in asymmetrical forms. Ideally, structures were not to be arbitrarily asymmetrical, but it was assumed that the needs of residents and the purposes of different spaces in the buildings would not produce symmetrical designs in fact, arbitrary asymmetry would be a decorative device, and thus an anathema to the Internationalists. Machine purity was a reaction against the ornamentation of previous decades and even the Moderns. Honesty in use and materials was sought functions should not be concealed beneath a covering, and items shouldnt be presented as something they were not. Simplicity and sterility championed the pure white of the hospital and lab. Stucco was an ideal material, as it provided for unbroken, continuous surfaces. Walls were skins, stripped down and allowing for a maximum of interior space. These interior spaces were to be designed individually, matching the needs of the resident, to provide for the amelioration and development of the functions of living.6 Rooms were to be determined by function, and the movement between rooms was to stress the unity and continuity of the whole volume inside a building.7 Book shelves and living plants were the best decorative devices in the home. This appealed to Modernists, whose works and writings revealed a desire to exceed the chaos of temporary solutions and preoccupation with styles that had characterised nineteenth- century design. The aim of Modernism was to achieve the ideal solutions to each design problem in works that would be style less, timeless and possess the same purity and clarity as geometry. Given the widespread belief that the machine symbolised the new century, it was perhaps inevitable that certain Modernists should embrace it entirely for its own sake purely as a metaphor, and with no concern for its practical applications. To some extent at least, this tends to be the case for most canonical Modernists, but this approach is exemplified by the Italian Futurist movement. As this brief analysis indicates, Futurism was primarily a literary and artistic movement. It was characteristic of its paradoxical nature that a movement initiated as a response to the changing environment should possess no means of expression in the art form that most directly conditioned the environment architecture. This was the case until 1914, five years after the publication of the first Manifesto, when Marinetti was finally able to welcome Antonio Sant Elia into the ranks. Sant Elia recognised the metropolis as the environment of the new age, and accordingly pioneered designs that were replete with intimations of the machine aesthetic. His perspectives for La Città   Nuova (1914) emphasise the geometry and verticality of his vision by juxtaposing stepped-back sections with sheer verticals. The interaction of diagonals and verticals this produces invests his works with the same energy and dynamism to be found in exemplary Futurist paintings. In addition, his buildings are frequently surmounted by features resembling industrial chimneys or radio masts (e.g. Casa gradinata con ascensori, 1914), thus making perhaps slightly picturesque use of an iconography derived from machines. Futurisms interest in the machine aesthetic arose from a naà ¯ve and romantic celebration of the machine for its qualities of energy and dynamism. The machine was therefore valued exclusively for the expressive potential it offered. Since they failed to grasp its practical aspects the Futurists neglected to adapt their aesthetic to technological limitations. For this reason Sant Elias designs remained on the drawing board. A deeper engagement with the realities of the machine was demonstrated by those who embraced the concept of functionalism. This idea played a significant role in most forms of Modernist design and theory. The central contention was that the form of an object should be dictated by its function. The Bauhaus, for example, aimed to originate the design of an object from its natural functions and relationships,11 so that they could be used effectively and were rationally related to each other. Of course, the pursuit of functionalism complemented the Modernists aim to arrive at ideal design solutions unless objects fulfilled their purpose they could barely be ideal. This led to the notion that a designed object could be beautiful if, and only if, it functioned perfectly. Function therefore replaced appearance as the prime principle of aesthetic quality. Artistic elaboration was eschewed in favour of clear form that both expressed its purpose and ensured that this purpose was satisfied. Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson, in their discussion of European functionalist architects (i.e. canonical Modernists), wrote that, If a building provides adequately, completely and without compromise for its purpose, it is then a good building, regardless of its appearance.12 Explanation of this somewhat radical view was found in the machine. Since the machines appearance was derived entirely from its function it was both morally and economically admirable, which made it beautiful. Karl Ewalds writing The Beauty of Machines (1925-6) contained the saying, A good modern machine is an object of the highest aesthetic value we are aware of that.13 For evidence of this the Modernists looked to the USA, where an unselfconscious functionalism had been put into practice by pioneers like Samuel Colt and, in particular, Henry Ford. Ford brought the concept of standardisation to his car plant, with results that were seen as almost astonishing. His moving meeting line system, which involved specialised stages of fabrication and identical parts, had enabled him to dramatically increase car production. His success was such that industrialists and manufacturers across the world were adopting these methods. Theoretically, their goods were now readily available and continually depreciating in price, even as profits soared. Paul Greenhalgh has observed that Modernists recognised the need to embrace technology for these reasons of economy and availability. It was the means by which Modernism could be promoted worldwide. In addition, the standardisation advocated by Ford would facilitate rapid construction and maintenance.14 Therefore, the example of Ford and others encouraged the Modernists to view the machine as the absolute ideal of functionalism. This can be confirmed by reference to Le Corbusier. Much of Le Corbusiers manifesto Vers une architecture (1923) is dedicated to promoting the architectural virtues of the machine. His famous declaration, The house is a machine for living in,15 often misunderstood, meant that the guiding principle for architects should be to make the house as well suited to its purpose as was a machine. This reiterated the argument that functionalism was more important than appearance. In order to progress, he believed, it was necessary for architects to abandon the notion of traditional styles and decorative effects: Architecture has nothing to do with the various styles [They are] sometimes pretty, though not always; and never anything more.16 this implies that he saw the aesthetic, not as just another style, but as the very substance of architecture. Instead, he drew parallels between architecture and the Engineers Aesthetic, arguing that engineers were to be praised for their use of functionalism and mathematical order. As a consequence, architect s were encouraged to emulate engineers and adopt these principles in order to attain harmony and logic in their designs. To reinforce this argument the illustrations of Vers une architecture celebrated the functional and architectural unity of Canadian grain stores, ships, aeroplanes and automobiles. From a present day perspective his principles are better illuminated by his architecture, since these illustrations (e.g. the Caproni Triple hydroplane) seem rather old. The Maison Dom-Ino (1915) was an early example of his Engineers Aesthetic: three identical planes are suspended above each other by steel columns, a method of construction that frees the walls of their load-bearing purpose, and allows his concept of the free faà §ade to be introduced. An external staircase communicates between each level, and its location permits an unprecedented space and clarity in the plan. The components were all to be standardised and pre-fabricated, which would allow for rapid construction. This house was therefore a product of Le Corbusiers intention to apply the principles of mechanical mass production to domestic architecture. However, a substantial body of criticism (e.g. Greenhalgh, Sparke) has argued that this functionalism of Modernist theory was not based in reality. The machine aesthetic remained just that, as few of the designs were capable of being standardised. For example, the Grand Comfort chair by Le Corbusier and Charlotte Perriand was neither functional nor standardised. It required no less than eighteen welds and three materials, making it expensive and capable of production only by craftsmanship. Le Corbusiers pavilion LEsprit Nouveau featured door handles supposedly derived from car or aeroplane handles. These were not standardised but had to be made individually. At the Bauhaus, Marianne Brandts tea service (1928/30) embodies the machine aesthetic with its geometrical, angular forms, but, again, these features made it unsuited to machine production. For this reason, virtually no products of Modernism were mass-produced, at least until the style was modified and practised on an international level in what became known as the International Style. For the pioneer phase, mass production remained a metaphor that could not yet be emulated.17 A further dimension which has not yet been discussed is the political function of the machine aesthetic. This was hinted at in Loos belief that it improved the domination of the worker, but here the importance was on the labour-saving potential of the machine. Loos celebrated the aesthetic because, theoretically, it reduced the hours of effort required of the worker by avoiding unnecessary ornament. This line of reasoning even occurs in the theories of the politically unsure Le Corbusier, whose Freehold Maisonettes of 1922 used mechanical applications and good organisation derived from machines to reduce the need for human labour, and thus alleviate the workloads of servants.18 It did not necessarily follow in either case, however, that the machine could serve as an instrument for social liberation. This possibility was not fully explored until the influence of Modernism had spread and produced a diversity of practitioners. To the increasingly machine-orientated Bauhaus Moholy-Nagy imparted his belief that the machine was inextricably linked with socialism because it was an absolute. He wrote: Before the machine, everyone is equal I can use it, so can you . . . There is no tradition in technology, no consciousness of class or standing. Everybody can be the machines master or slave.19 This belief was widespread amongst Modernists, with Theo Van Doesburg being another notable exponent. Van Doesburg praised the machine as a medium of social liberation, and denied that handicraft possessed this capability, since handicraft, under the supremacy of materialism,20 reduced men to the level of machines. But as Charles Jencks has observed, Van Doesburgs enthusiasm for the machine went beyond its labour-saving potential, it was also based upon its universalising, abstract quality.21 In Jencks outline, the machines impersonality enforces equality between its users, which in art would lead to the universal and the abstract. The result would be the realisation of a collective style that was universally valid and comprehensible, based as it was upon the abstract forms of the machine. Paul Greenhalgh suggests that such an internationalism was central to Modernists theory and was an inevitable condition of their quest for a universal human consciousness.22 In order to achieve this, national boundaries had to be disposed of, as well as those between disciplines (such as fine art and design) and political classes. Greenhalgh confirms that the abstract, geometrical aesthetic appealed to Modernists because it could be used as a common language through which different nationalities could arrive at uniform solutions, thereby dissolving national boundaries. In its exclusion per se of language, abstraction was the aesthetic which enabled the ethic, internationalism, to be realised.23 Though he does not use the term, the aesthetic Greenhalgh refers to is that of the machine, since it is derived from and (theoretically) tailored for machine production. I would therefore argue that Modernists associated the aesthetic with internationalism, not only because of its abstract quality, but also because its origins in the machine imbued it with the universal quality that Moholy-Nagy and Van Doesburg recognised in this source. The practical use of the machine aesthetics political function is best illustrated by the Russian Constructivist movement. It is perhaps surprising that an aesthetic originating from the machine the foundation of capitalism could flourish in the political climate following the Communist revolution. Loos idea of the machine as labour-saving device was, of course, central in resolving this dilemma, as was the social liberation and classlessness revealed by Van Doesburg and Moholy-Nagy. Also instrumental, no doubt, was the fact that, in this era, Russia was still largely a rural, peasant country possessing no heavy industry. The negative aspects of the machine would therefore have been less obvious than the myths of its glorious effects. In this climate of rural poverty and political fervour, the machine seemed capable of transforming society, and the aesthetic became the perfect metaphor for revolution and nation-wide progress. Since this made the aesthetic an invaluable resource for Communist propaganda, many of the leading designers were commissioned to create works that mythologized the revolution. Significantly, this situation did not only involve the government manipulating design to its own ends; many of the artists and designers were equally committed to the idea that they could serve the new society. The Constructivist movement was so named because its members saw it as their task to construct the environment for a new society in the same way that engineers constructed bridges and so on.25 Proletkult promoted the unity of science, industry, and art: Vladimir Tatlin, for example, believed design was linked to engineering, and saw the designer as an anonymous worker building for society. Tatlins Monument to the Third International (1919-20) reflects this ethos. This projection for a 400m tall tower (only a scaled-down model was built) clearly represents the union of art and construction its sculptural form of two intertwining spirals and a soaring diagonal component is rendered in a lattice construction suggestive of engineering. As well as resembling a machine, the tower actually functioned as one: it featured four transparent volumes that rotated at different speeds (yearly, monthly, daily and hourly). These were intended to house government offices for legislation, administration, information and cinematic projection. It should be pointed out that none of these reasons for interest in the machine aesthetic were mutually exclusive, and individual Modernists did not adhere to it for any single reason. Each partook, to some extent, of most of them. The enthusiasm of the European Functionalists also involved the political interest observed in Constructivism. At the same time, an element of the Futurists romantic fascination can be detected in the thinking of Le Corbusier, the Bauhaus, and all those for whom mass production remained out of reach. In conclusion, as case after case demonstrates, the Modernists enthusiasm for the machine aesthetic continued to be of an ideological rather than a practical nature. The machine was embraced as an idea by designers who failed to grasp the realities of mass production. Since their aesthetic was therefore inspired by the machine but not adapted to it, in many cases this actually impeded its realisation. This is highlighted by the examples of Futurism, Constructivism and even aspects of the Bauhaus, where numerous schemes could not be put into practice. However, the importance of the machine aesthetic within Modernism should not be underestimated; it was practised so widely, indeed constituted an International Style, precisely because it was deemed to be the ideal and most logical way of realising the central tenets upon which Modernism was founded. These included truth, internationalism, function, atonement with the age, and so on. The belief that the aesthetic was universally valid is reflected by the great variety of uses to which it was applied, such as Utopian, political, economic etc. For this reason it is no exaggeration to say that, for the Modernists, it was not a question of aesthetics at all, but of a Machine Ethic.

Meaning of life †Question Essay

Freud, like Newton and Darwin, did not consider himself to be a philosopher but had an enormous influence over philosophy, he believed that to consider the question: â€Å"what is the meaning of life? † is a waste of time. The question, he thought, is rather meaningless and has no ultimate answer, asking it is being somewhat like asking what the color of time is (Mason). There are serious arguments that can be advanced in support of this point of view, especially if we agree that meaning is not something inherent to events, things, and other processes and so on, but something we ascribe to them (Mason). To think otherwise would involve ascribing them something that is a product of our intellect and consciousness. The meaning of X, whether X is an event, a thing, or a process, is actually the connection or a set of those connections X has with other events, things, and processes and so on, which we choose to consider to be of particularly importance to us (Mason). This is why the same events have different meaning for different people. For a Chinese, be he a Communist or an anti-Communist, the meaning of the war in Korea is that it marks the end of a century of national humiliation and a permanent threat of devastation through a long series of military defeats by foreign powers; for an American, the meaning of that very same war is that it put an end to the attempts to expand by direct military invasion the influence of Chinese Communism (Adams). There are undoubtedly countless amounts of explanations to this riddle, and there are many circumstances that can change one’s perspective towards this problem, but ultimately, there is no right or wrong answer. Paragraph 2: Everything changes radically, of course, if we belong to a Church. Everything is noted under God’s eye For believers, their life long goal is to sustain God’s knowledge and go his way. Go to the right passage and obey his â€Å"laws† Their passage of life consists of saving one’s immortal soul. Duty of life makes up the meaning of life. Paragraph 3: The practical Romans grasped something that over the head of two millennia of Christianity resonates with contemporary pragmatism, and with the life philosophy resumed in the dictum â€Å"the meaning of life is life itself† Meaning of life is life itself Living the life in happiness is the meaning of life. Anything that fits you the best will become your meaning of life. Find out your goals, what you want to achieve life, and that will become your meaning of life ultimately. Limitations will apply. Paragraph 4: Living your life according to this life philosophy, which is the most commonly chosen among the life philosophies derived from the answer â€Å"the meaning of life consists in living life†, is usually not too difficult for a â€Å"normal† person living under â€Å"normal† circumstances. Meaning of life depended on the status of the person. Meaning of life is to live a good life. Do not know what exactly is a good life but a good life will be noted. Everyone has different meanings to life. Paragraph 5 (Conclusion): But be it Confucius, Aristotle or even Kant with his theory of being impossible to achieve moral perfection or any other of the great minds each of whom spent years of their lives trying to provide humanity with an answer to the fatal question, essentially, they trying to tell us what to live for and how to live. Namely, almost all the answers they offered have the same basic flaw: when they are workable at all, they work only for very few exceptional individuals and are way beyond the reach for the rest of us (Shields); us, those weak, silly and prone to sin creatures that make up the vast majority of humankind. Luckily, this vast majority do not worry too much about what great minds have in mind, but just live their lives as they best can according to their own, petty, senseless wishes and notions (Metz): work their gardens, even if they never heard of Voltaire, and whether they know that Freud existed or not, do not waste their humble intellectual potential trying to answer a question that has no answer (Metz). The rest is a senseless waste of time, â€Å"Primum vivere, deindre filosofare†, and if you spend too much time and effort philophizing, you will have no time nor energy to live, which involves earning money to pay the bills. As to the great eternal and fundamental questions, let’s leave them to professional philosophers whom society pays to do this specific job, as it pays plumbers to do the plumbing, scientists to explore nature, nurses to help the sick, the clowns to entertain us.

Hot Water Burns Like Fire Health And Social Care Essay

This study compiled by a community nurse, within a little community Centre, aims to inform fellow nurses of the causes, and preemptive schemes that are in topographic point to forestall unneeded hurts. The focal point of this study is on inadvertent Burnss and scalds in Australian kids aged 0-14 old ages and the increased hazard to kids aged 0-4 old ages. This age group was found to be of particularly high hazard, harmonizing to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare ( AIHW ) , and the Department of Health and Aging ( 2006 ) . The factors that contribute to an increased hazard of Burnss and scalds, including age and development, gender, deficiency of barriers and supervising, unequal statute laws and deficiency of public consciousness are each explored throughout this study. What is a burn? The World Health Organisation ( WHO ) defines a burn â€Å" as an hurt to the tegument or other organic tissue caused by heat [ this hurt causes some or all of the tegument cells or other tissues to decease, this can be caused by ] hot liquid ( scalds ) , hot solids ( contact Burnss ) , or fires ( fire Burnss ) † ( WHO 2008, p.21 ) . Burn and scald facts Harmonizing to Kidsafe Tasmania ( 2008 ) , a scald from hot liquid can go on rapidly, doing a kid who has sensitive tegument compared to an grownup, unneeded hurt, normally to the face, cervix, thorax, and custodies. Hot drinks are the major cause of scalds to kids, doing 44 % of hurts ( Kidsafe ) . Many kids run into grownups who are keeping a cup of hot liquid, such as soup or a drink, or draw dishware or pans from tabular arraies or stovetops incorporating hot liquids ( Kidsafe ) . 20 % of kids pull on boiler cords doing scalds from poached H2O. Hot pat H2O in the kitchen or the bathroom causes 14 % of scalds and 22 % are from cooking hot nutrient in the kitchen ( Kidsafe 2008, p. 1-3 ) . Environmental alterations to cut down childhood Burnss and scalds Move hot drinks to the center of a tabular array out of range Turn saucepan grips around on the range Use hotplates at the rear of the range Reduce hot H2O temperatures to 50A °C Use secured fire screens around fires Use and replace batteries on a regular basis in fume sensors Keep lucifers and coffin nail igniters out of sight and range of kids Ensure all hot contraptions are out of range when chilling Never leave a kid unattended in the bathroom or in the kitchen Ensure electrical contraption cords are out of range ( Australian and New Zealand Burn Association 2009 ) . The Alma Atta Declaration ( WHO 1978 ) provinces: Primary Health Care requires and promotes maximal community†¦ engagement†¦ doing fullest usage of local, national and other available resources ; and to this terminal develops through appropriate instruction the ability of communities to take part ( World Health Organisation ( WHO ) 1978 ) . Consequently a supportive multidisciplinary and multi-sectoral attack from National and community administrations and associations are indispensable to cut down hurt statistics ( Watson, M 2010 ) . Nurses and other wellness professionals play a cardinal function in the instruction, publicity and bar of such hurts ( McMurray 2011 p.5 ) . ‘Hot H2O Burnss like fire ‘ Community consciousness runs, such as ‘Hot Water Burns Like Fire ‘ which was conducted in NSW in 1992, dramatically reduced scald figures. During 1989 – 1996 hospitalization rates for scalds were reduced by 13 % , infirmary corsets decreased by 18 % , therefore liberating up hospital beds. The first stage offered information on causes of scalds, followed by the 2nd stage, which focused on the execution and statute law of the decrease of hot H2O cylinder temperatures to 50A °C. The consequences dramatically reduced the costs to the Australian wellness attention system yearly by about 3.8 – 6.5 million dollars. ( WHO 1992 ) . Federal and province statute law, some facts In 2009 The ACT Government banned the sale of backyard pyrotechnics ( Andrew 2009 ) . South Australia Explosives Regulations Act 2001 prohibits the sale and ownership of pyrotechnics â€Å" other than a general usage pyrotechnic † [ Direct Quote ] . In Queensland smoke alarm Torahs were introduced in 1997, new edifices including redevelopments were required to put in hardwired fume dismaies. In 2007 it became compulsory that all Queensland places install at least one ‘9 V battery powered ‘ fume dismay ( 2007 ) . Appendix 1 illustrates the figure of hospitalizations due to Burnss and scalds in kids aged 0-4 old ages, 5-9 old ages and 10-14 old ages during the 5-year period 1999/00 to 2003/04 ( Harrison, J and Steel, D 2006 ) . During the first 4 old ages of life, a kid is more at hazard from Burnss than those in an older age group and males are of greater hazard than females ( Harrison, J and Steel, D 2006 ) . Harmonizing to Drago ( 2005 ) kids between 0-2 old ages are identified as a high hazard group due to the deficiency of cognition of such dangers. A survey in Greece that focused on hazard associated with babyhood burn hurts within the place besides found that most hurts occurred in the kitchen to babies between the ages of birth and 4 old ages. A astonishing 60 % of instances were due to hot liquid Burnss ( Harrison, J and Steel, D 2006 p. 10 ) . Appendix 2 high spots the cognitive and freshly acquired physical accomplishments that kids gain between the ages of 9 and 12 months. Children below 24 months are â€Å" yet to get the apprehension of danger†¦ [ and hazards associated with their new endowments ] † ( Harrison, J et Al. 2006 ) . The environment in which we live dramas an built-in function in finding hurt forms as Drago ( 2005 ) suggests, most family scalds occur in the kitchen affecting hot H2O in boilers and pots and pans that are pulled down off counters and ranges ( Drago 2005, p.10 ) . In the United Kingdom following the debut of the tea bag, scalds increased conversely teapot scalds decreased. In 1991 Denmark saw a new form of scalds associated with the debut of the electric boiler caused by cords being pulled down. Unfortunately electric contraptions that have cords and grips are frequently responsible for Burnss and scalds in kids under 5 old ages ( Drago 2005 p 10-14 ) . Lower socioeconomic groups Although morbidity and mortality rates are associated with poorness, kids from lower socioeconomic groups within high-income states were shown to hold increased burn hurts ( WHO 2008 p. 85 ) . In Sweden kids of lower socioeconomic groups were up to 2.3 times more likely to be hospitalised for Burnss, than those in wealthier parts ( WHO 2008 p. 21 ) . Due to deficiency of instruction, bar schemes and first assistance preparation, Aboriginal kids are at higher hazard of burn hurts. During a three twelvemonth period 73 % of Aboriginal kids were admitted to infirmary from Burnss, many incidents are caused by reassigning boiling H2O into the bath and sloping it accidently on the kid ( Kennet 2010 ) . Decision Although administrations have collaborated by supplying some community consciousness, the AIHW ( 2008 p.22 ) research states that admittance rates due to childhood Burnss and scalds has increased by 20 % in a decennary. Burns and scalds cause hurting and agony, for the kid, their households and are a significant strain on the wellness attention system. Education to forestall inadvertent hurts is imperative if we want to diminish burn incidences ( Kennett 2010 ) . Communities missing a multifaceted populace wellness attention attack will see injury figures remain ( Watson, M 2010 ) . The kid and household wellness nurse is an built-in solution to the instruction of parents and communities to supply information to protect and advance safe and friendly environments for kids ( McMurray 2011 p.188 ) . Lower socioeconomic groups and Aboriginal communities need extra services and instruction to help bar of Burnss in the first case and first assistance to right pull off a burn so that the pa tients recovery is lessened ( Kennett 2010 ) . Globally the authorities, parliament and others in power necessitate regulation pyrotechnics, fume sensors, and temperatures of hot H2O cylinders around the universe and to increase instruction ( Turner 2009 ) maintaining in head that â€Å" All human existences have an equal right to wellness and safety † ( UNICEF 2008 ) .

Halifax Explosion essays

Halifax Explosion essays Throughout its history, the great nation of Canada has been through many fascinating and sensational cultural changes, which have each helped to mold the way the world views Canada as a whole today. The Halifax explosion of December 6 1917 was a major event in Canadas history, which has helped to shape Canadas identity by influencing literature, architecture, and local culture. First, the Halifax Explosion of 1917 has helped to shape Canadas identity by influencing its national fictional, and non-fictional literature. Barometer Rising by Hugh MacLennan is the first novel that merits discussion. Written in 1941 at the age of 34, Barometer rising is a piece of fictional text, which follows the character of Penelope Wain who is under the impression that her lover Neil Macrae has been killed under the service of her father overseas. The truth is he fled to Halifax to clear his name of wrongdoing. The story itself is set against the horrors of wartime and the catastrophic Halifax Explosion of December 6, 1917. MacLennan draws information both from real experience (he was 10 during the explosion), and the accounts of his father who was involved in the relief efforts. Another novel, also fictional is Burden of Desire. Written by Robert MacNeil in 1998 the story follows the events of the Halifax explosion from the vantage point of a clergyman Peter Wentwort h who finds a sexually explicit diary in the ensuing wreckage. Wentworth and his counterpart Stewart MacPherson spend the remainder of the novel trying to find the girl who wrote the diary. The novel aptly portrays the anguished sensitivity of Halifax during this time of trials and hardships. The last book to discuss is The Halifax Explosion And the Royal Canadian Navy: Inquiry and Intrigue. Unlike the previous two published works, The Halifax Explosion is not a fictional novel based during the time of th ...

Biography of Dave Eggers

Biography of Dave Eggers Dave Eggers was born in Boston, Massachusetts on March 12, 1970. The son of a lawyer and a school teacher, Eggers grew up largely in Lake Forest, Illinois, in the Chicago suburbs. Eggers studied journalism at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign before both his parents died suddenly, his mother of stomach cancer and his father from brain and lung cancer, the circumstances of which are described in detail in Eggers highly acclaimed memoir, A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius. Early Life and Writing Career After the death of his parents, Eggers moved to Berkeley, California with his eight-year-old younger brother, Toph, who Eggers was now responsible for raising. While Toph attended school, Eggers worked for a local newspaper. During this time, he worked for Salon.com and co-founded Might Magazine. In 2000, Eggers published A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius, his memoir of his parents deaths and his struggle to raise his younger brother. Chosen as a Pulitzer Prize finalist for Nonfiction, it became an instant bestseller. Eggers has since written You Shall Know Our Velocity (2002), a novel about two friends who travel around the world attempting to give away a large sum of money, How We Are Hungry (2004), a collection of short stories, and What is the What (2006), the fictionalized autobiography of a Sudanese Lost Boy which was a finalist for the 2006 National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction. Other work that Dave Eggers has had a hand in include a book of interviews with inmates once sentenced to death and later exonerated; a best-of collection of humor from McSweeneys Quarterly Concern,  which Eggers co-wrote with his brother, Toph; and the screenplay for the 2009 film version of Where the Wild Things Are, which Eggers co-wrote with Spike Jonze,  and the screenplay for the 2009 movie  Away We Go  with his wife, Vendela Vida. Publishing, Activism, and Screenwriting The best work that Eggers has done has not been as a writer, but as a publishing entrepreneur and activist. Eggers is well known as the founder of the independent publisher McSweeneys and the literary magazine The Believer, which is edited by his wife, Vendela Vida. In 2002, he co-founded the 826 Valencia project, a writing workshop for teens in San Franciscos Mission District that has since evolved into 826 National, with writing workshops springing up around the country. Eggers is also the editor of The Best American Nonrequired Reading series that sprung from the aforementioned writing workshops. In 2007, Eggers was awarded the $250,000 Heinz Award for Arts and Humanities, recognizing his numerous contributions in this category. The money all went to 826 National. In 2008, Dave Eggers was awarded the TED Prize, a $100,000 award towards Once Upon a School, a project designed to get people involved locally with schools and students. Books by Dave Eggers A Heartbreaking Work of Staggering Genius (2000)You Shall Know Our Velocity (novel) (2002)How We Are Hungry (2004)(2005)(2006)What is the What (2006)Zeitoun (2009)The Wild Things (2009)

Multiculturalism Issue and Data-based Solution Article

Multiculturalism Issue and Data-based Solution - Article Example There seems to be no end in sight for rising tuition prices. Research has been done time and again to figure out why tuition prices continue to rise, especially when institutions, private or public, used to be free or of minimal fees. While there is no one definite answer to this dilemma, six factors have been figured out as to what could be causing the tuition rise, and they are as follows: economic and fiscal conditions of the individual states; demographic and postsecondary enrollment patterns; characteristics of state political systems; postsecondary governance patterns; regional influences; and various aid policies at the state, federal, and institutional levels. These aspects contribute to the costly fees that students must pay for higher education. â€Å"The Influence of Active Learning on the College Student Departure Process† is about the departure rates of students attending both two-year and four-year colleges. Approximately one-half of students leave after their first year at a two-year college, and almost one-fourth of students leave after the first year at a four-year college. These constant departures are thought to be caused by a lack of classroom-based academic experiences. Researchers have produced theories that have pointed to the fact that students really come to rely on what goes on inside of a classroom, not only during school hours but after. These theorists have come to the conclusion that students will depart a school if the school is not meeting their expectations in regard to their learning experiences. However, as is the case with the former article, this theory for student departure is just that – a theory. There is no definite way to know what makes students want to leave school after the fi rst year. Many students leave because they miss their home or their families, or they change their majors.

Impact of capital structure on financial performance of real estate Literature review

Impact of capital structure on financial performance of real estate listed on Chinese stock exchange - Literature review Example There should be a positive balance between the internal and external sources of funds for the firms to operate efficiently. The research paper is relevant for the study. It articulates the dependence of the overall performance of the company and the capital structure preferred by the real estate firms. Brendea, G 2014, Ownership Structure, Performance And Capital Structure Of Romanian Firms, Internal Auditing & Risk Management, 9, 4, pp. 1-9, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 23 February 2015 Brendea, 2014 affirms that the capital structure of a firm affects its performance. Capital structure relates to the ownership structure of most firms listed on the Chinese Stock Exchange. In cases of concentrated ownership among a few shareholders, there exist preferences of use of retained funds as the source of finance to debtors and equity, in that order. Firms adopt contracting more debt as a mechanism of controlling misuse of the firms’ funds by the managers. Managers prefer personal gains to the firms’ financial progress. Such designs of capital structure where shareholders resort to debt contraction help improve the profitability on most of the listed firms. Most firms prefer to obtain the finances from within themselves rather than from outside as outlined in the Pecking Order Theory. According to the theory, real estate firms in China reduce their dependence on borrowed money to fund their investments. Utilization of internal sources of funds results in an increase in profitability. The book is very relevant to the topic of study because it expounds on how equity as a capital affects the profit margins of the company. Iavorskyi, 2013 explains that several theories exist that explain how the capital structures affect the business in various real estate firms listed in the Chinese stock exchange. Modigliani and Miller propose that the owner and capital structure of a firm

Human resource-Manage industrial relations-report Essay

Human resource-Manage industrial relations-report - Essay Example Human resource management seems to complement industrial relations as it focuses on employers policies in order to manage the employment relation (Gardner & Palmer, 1997, p. 591). In addition to the above strategy the organization will incorporate strong corporate culture along with better management support as it is an ideal industrial relation situation and vital as the management recognizes the value and importance of the workplace. Thus adopting to the above mentioned strategy will lead the organization to have an effective industrial relation policy for its employees and employers in together. Effectiveness of the Policy Adopting the complementary approach organization will be able to emerge in the field of industrial relation. It focuses mainly on the productivity of the industry and will help the organization to achieve competitive advantage. The policy will take care of the employment system in the workplace and includes human resource as well as labor relation practices. The refore the policy will help the organization in both strategic manner and to meet the operational needs. The complementary approach will provide the organization with competitive advantage and the culture of the organization will provide the organization with a well defined policies and industrial relation strategies. Procedures Related To the Policy The policy of the organization is to operate business in a way that will provide as well as preserve harmonious place to work for all its workers within the instrument of industrial relation like agreements and rewards and the management are focused to ensure that the work is carried with minimum disruption and with industrial harmony (Acubis, n.d). When policies are made it is necessary to communicate about the new or revised policy to all the members of the organization and it can be said that communication plays a very important role on the success of the policies in organization. The employees need to know about the benefits of impl ementing the policy such as flexibility of working hours, incentives, training and development. The CEO should be the person to communicate the new industrial policy of the organization to all the employees. In addition to effective communication all industrial relation plans should also include contingency plans. Organization should assess all the potential risk as well as benefits which are associated with negotiation. Risk in relation to the implementation of new policy should be analyzed. Contemporary Industrial Issues Some of the contemporary industrial issue which Australia has been facing and it is assumed that the organization will also face similar kind of contemporary industrial issues. The following is the list of contemporary issues faced by the organization and Australia Globalization Technological changes Casual workplace and part time work place Work place flexibility Collective bargaining Reduction in job security Enterprise bargain in order to gain conditions more t han awards Family friendly working patterns Australia workplace agreement Changing industrial and political landscape (UnionTeach, 2003). Globalization is one of the major issues concerning organization as more and more number of organization have been affected because of

Technology in Education Essay Example for Free

Technology in Education Essay The use of technology in education has brought about great changes in the way we teach and learn. In this digital age it is imperative that technology is embedded into all aspect of learning and teaching. Educators face many challenges when it comes to integrating technology into the classroom due to lack of training, and the availability of technological equipment. Research has shown that to cater to our students who are digital natives, and to remain globally competitive we need to ensure that classrooms spring forward into the 21st century. According to Pelham, Crabtree, Nyiri, â€Å"Education researchers, government officials, and the international development community often have different ideas about the best approach to improving educational attainment across the globe† (2009, p. 74). The same can be said for educators and district leaders; there are a variety of opinions on how important the use of technology is within the classroom, and the necessity of it in preparing students to excel in today’s digital society. In the early 1970s a very small number of schools had access to computers, and usually those schools we home of the elite. However, during the late 20th century the obvious necessity to incorporate computers into the classroom became apparent. Companies such as Apple and Hewlett Packard ran promotions, which allowed more districts the ability to purchase technology for their schools (Nyiri et. al. , 2009). Since then, the integration of technology into education and schools has become paramount in the ability for students to become prepared for the 21st Century workplace. Schools are enthusiastic about introducing technology and computers into the classroom but there are several obstacles that they must overcome. The first obstacle is the lack of funding. Many schools embrace the idea of integrating technology into the classroom but do not have the funding to provide the technology to their students or teachers. President Obama’s charge to facilitate every classroom with computers and wire every school for Internet use can be seen as the light at the end of the tunnel. During the summer of 2009, several educational groups urged congress to spend several billion dollars to improve technology in the classroom, and to ensure that teachers knew how to use this technology effectively. According to Miners â€Å"Recognizing the importance of the matter, president Obama and congressional leaders included $650 million in the federal stimulus package for the enhancing education† (2009, p. 35). It is expected that over 25% of this funding is used to train teachers on the use of this technology. In acquiring technology for schools, and training teachers on the effective use of this technology they will in turn prepare our students to be globally competitive in this digital world. There are a variety of technological tools that can be utilized in the classroom; and although technology is available often times it is not used. The main issue that needs to be overcome is the lack of training that teachers receive on this technology which in turn creates a sense of apprehensiveness in integrating technology into the classroom. As stated by Miners, teachers have desired to use this technology in the classroom but have done so poorly due to â€Å"perhaps an unsatisfactory implementation of poorly conceived programs† (2009, p. 36). In 1997 a group of teachers completed a study on how the integration of technology could be used to enhance student learning. This became known as the Teacher Leadership Program. This program has transformed into a professional development for teachers which train them on the use of technology in the classroom through an intensive summer study and continuous online training. Then these teachers can return to their schools and train their colleagues (Miners, 2009). Modeling the integration of technology into their lesson plans is imperative to emphasizing the ease and effectiveness of this technology in the classroom. Not only this, but educators need to utilize technology when collaborating and communicating with their colleagues. Email, instant messaging, and school websites are just a few of the ways that colleagues can use technology with their peers’ all the while modeling appropriate use for the students. When students walk into the classroom they want to be immersed in the lifestyle they are accustomed to at home. Cell phones, personal computers, IPods, and gaming systems are the norm at home, students have grown up with this technology at their fingertips and know how to operate it in most cases more efficiently than most technology professors. They are accustomed to communication via instant messaging, reading digital books, listening to music on mp3 files, posting their diary on blogs, and making friends with facebook. Entering a classroom that is filled with old books, white boards, and no technology present does not provide them with the type of environment in which they need to learn. As Harris and Rea state, with â€Å"the Google/Facebook generation accustomed to being connected to information sources and social networks all the time and in many forms, how can we best use these technologies to transform, supplement, or even supplant current pedagogical practices† (2009, p. 37). The first issue that needs to be addressed is the use of technological equipment in the classrooms. Smart boards, also known as digital white boards are the wave of the future. According to Corcoran, smart boards are â€Å"are a portal to the digital world† (2009), students can interact with the information on the screen using touch screen technology. Almost one third of classrooms in the United States have Smart boards, which in turn allows students in these classrooms to become actively engaged in learning. Students who have access to smart board technology become â€Å"doers† in the classroom rather than sponges ingesting the information disseminated by the teacher. It allows students of all learning styles the opportunity to learn; given the fact that it is of great importance to differentiate in education, being able to cater to all learning styles whether visual, auditory, or kinesthetic through the smart board leads to a very productive learning environment. However, an interactive white board in the classroom is merely a white board if it is not used effectively. PowerPoint presentations which are interactive are much more interesting than an oral lecture from the teacher, or taking notes from a book. Being allowed to manipulate and interact with the information allows the students to absorb and retain what they are learning. Teachers can create lessons which are visually stimulating, link their lessons with online websites, incorporate music, images, and video into the lesson. They can create online games such as Jeopardy or Millionaire to assess student learning, or use programs such as ClassScape to assess students learning. Teachers can create web quests, which are interactive systems of learning. By allowing students to use the internet as a form of learning rather than constant dictation from the teacher we allow them to attain the information themselves therefore retaining it more easily. Jonassen, Howland, Marra, and Crismond (2008) noted that web activities such as WebQuests or scavenger hunts are common tools that allow for independent thinking, challenge students intellectually and assist with problem solving skills. The integration of technology into the classroom are key in motivating the students to learn, to become active in the classroom, and to use the knowledge that they have in dealing with technology in the classroom. Gone are the days of paper and pencil classrooms, with the integration of technology into the classroom comes the love of learning is rekindled in many of these students lives. With the wide array of websites available online nowadays teachers have no excuse for not utilizing technology into the classroom. These websites can be used in the classroom and also at home. An excellent example is Wiki space which is a webpage where teachers can post their lectures and notes or where they can create an open forum for class discussion. As students are invited to this wiki-space they can edit and add to the discussion online. Students can create their own wikispace, which can greatly decrease stress when working on group projects. Teachers can build their own virtual classroom websites which can be used to as a means to communicate with, and make parents aware of the goings on in the classroom. Students can use these websites to access homework, and to contact their teachers. Through incorporating technology into the classroom and to use it as a form of communication with parents, colleagues, and students, teachers are preparing the students for life in the 21st century and ensuring that when they leave the classroom and enter the workforce they are prepared for the technological challenges that they will face them.

End-Stage Renal Disease :: Health, Diseases, Hemodialysis Patients

Introduction Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) had higher anemia rate than general population (1). Several studies considered inflammatory markers as predictors of outcome in patients with ESRD and in one of them which was performed on 25000 HD patients, neutrophil count combined with low lymphocyte count were independent predictor of outcome in hemodialysis patients (2). In some of other studies elevated level of C-reactive protein was accounted for higher mortality rate in HD patients (3). In a European study, CRP were presented as one of the uremic syndrome futures and 50% of patients have CRP level >8mg/l and 75% of them had CRP level >3.4mg/l (3). Anemia related increase serum level of pro-inflammatory factors with poor treatment outcomes in HD patients (4). There is relationship between anemia, inflammation and oxidative stress level. Serum level of hemoglobin was increased during 2-3 days after inflammatory response to infection. Inflammation also active macrophages and remove old erythrocytes from the serum of HD patients (5). According to findings of previous studies, ESRD is one of the states that increase pro-inflammatory cytokines and in some of them interleukins (IL) 1, 4 and 6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were 8-10 times higher than general population (6). Statine agents can reduce serum level of CRP in HD patients and decline their need to Epoetin for management of anemia (7). Serum CRP level more than 5-10 mg/l is associated with cardiovascular events and statine agents due to reduce CRP level might decline mortality of HD patients and improve their cardiovascular outcome. Measurement of Serum level of C reactive protein (CRP) in hemodialysis (HD) patients with anemia and their response to lovastatin is aim of our study. Material and methods One hundred fifty hemodialysis patients in Imam Khomeini and Amiralam hospital during 2004 were participated in our randomized clinical trial. Hemodialysis patients had three sessions per week hemodialysis plan with Polysulphone and Hemophane dialysis filters and bicarbonate as dialysis solution. Our study was approved in ethical committee of Tehran medical university and informed consent was obtained from each patient. Our inclusion criteria Our inclusion criterias were more than hemodialysis patients with six months hemodialysis and Hs-CRP higher than 10 mg per liter, without tumors, chronic respiratory disorders, iron deficiency anemia, hypothyroidism, diabetic foot ulcer, total cholesterol more than 200 mg/dl, abnormal liver tests, immunosuppressive, beta blocker and statine usage, and active infection in recent three months.

Global Limited System Essay

Global Limited is a global provider of infrastructure information systems, whose services cater to a wide range of industry sectors. One of Global Limited’s business objectives is information security for their clients. In order to provide their clients with information security, Global Limited has utilized a risk management approach to protect their client’s information. From a security standpoint the step taken by Global Limited are sound and will maximize the security of their client’s information. The main weakness as such will remain at the user level. If the end users both internal and external are not security conscious and vigilant in their security awareness then there is a risk of a vulnerability being exploited. The access controls Global Limited implemented using access tokens and PIN numbers for authentication provides a level of security to protect unauthorized access to data and systems. The additional use of the Data Loss Prevention (DLP) product to manage data across the network is integral to compliance of the CIA triad. Global Limited’s approach of layered security from end- point to end user utilized several different methods of controls thus providing their clients with a single comprehensive strategy. Although there is no real way to have complete security against all threats, Global Limited has provided their clients with a secure solution without being so intrusive that the end users cannot do their jobs. If a company or organization’s data and systems are not secure, be it from lack of proper controls or improper physical security, then they would be out of compliance with industry standards. According to the SOX act a company is supposed to have internal controls in place to prevent and detect unauthorized access of financial data. Global’s risk management approach was a key factor in the success of their efforts to protecting their cl ient’s information assets. By utilizing risk management strategies Global was able to detect vulnerabilities where there were the  most likelihood of threat and implement controls to detect and/or prevent breaches of the security controls. The risk management process ensured Global addressed security measures at all levels of the IT/domain. Having remote external access to Global’s network poses many threats. Lack of physical controls over devices could result in breaches. If a person lost a laptop that ad sensitive data or kept their login credentials stored on their phones, an unauthorized person could gain access. If data is not properly classified and protected it could be compromised through VPN. Some other tools that are comparable to those used by Global are Biometrics and cryptographic keys used for authentication. Titan CMS is similar to Global’s DLP suite in that it classifies, monitors and secures data across a network. Clone Guard provides vulnerability scanning, intrusion detection, and penetration testing to test an organizations defensive countermeasures and identify threats. References Managed Network Security, IDS IPS Solutions Provider – Clone Systems, Inc. (n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2014, from http://www.clone-systems.com/?gclid=CPCGzpWn1r0CFaVxOgodtEcAeQ Titan CMS content management systems. (n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2014, from http://titancms.com/home.htm